Concrete Profits: How Nigeria Built a Cement Cartel in the Name of Industrial Policy

Nigeria sits on vast deposits of limestone—the primary raw material for cement. By the logic of classical economics, that should translate into cheap cement, competitive markets, and a thriving construction sector. Instead, Nigeria has some of the highest cement prices relative to income levels anywhere in the world. This is not a paradox. It is …

The Portillo Syndrome: On Men Who Peak at Conference by Lawson Akhigbe

Or: A Short Political Typology of the Man Who Mistakes Applause for Destiny Every generation of British politics produces one. A politician of middling seniority and considerable self-regard who delivers a conference speech, receives a standing ovation from six hundred party faithful in an airless hall in Birmingham or Brighton, and concludes, with the calm …

Historical Ransom Strategies: From Ancient Leverage to Modern War Economies

Ransom strategies—demanding payment, prisoners, or concessions in exchange for captives—have been a fixture of conflict for millennia. They blur lines between warfare, crime, and economics, often transforming violence into a sustainable revenue stream. In ideological conflicts, ransom can fund operations; in profit-driven ones, it becomes the core incentive. The “starve the beast” approach—refusing payment to …